Venn Diagram Test

Venn Diagram Test - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Type 1: Matching the Relationship

You will find a set of things in the question. You have to find the best diagram that fits the connection between the things. Below is an example to help you.

Example Question 1: Which of the following diagram indicates the best relation between Pen, Nib and Pencil?

Answer: a
Reason:
The relation between pen, nib and pencil.
Nib is a component or part of pen and pencil is different from both.
Among the options, option a represents one circle inside the other i.e. nib is the part of pen and another circle individually which represent pencil that does not have relation with other two.

Type 2: Numbers (Data) Inside Diagram

In this type, you will find numbers (data) in Venn diagrams. You have to find the answers based on the data.

Below is an example question.

Example Question 2: In the below diagram, rectangle represents Dancer, triangle represents Singer and circle represents Dramatist.

1. How many dancers are also singers?
a) 7 b) 5 c) 8 d) 2
Answer: c) 8
Reason:
Rectangle represents dancers. Triangle represents singers. To find the dancers who are also singers, see the overlap area between rectangle and triangle.
The overlap contains 6 and 2. Therefore, the answer is 6+2 = 8.

2. How many dramatist are both dancers and singers?
a) 6 b) 5 c) 8 d) 2
Answer: a) 6

3. how many singers are neither dancers nor dramatist?
a) 6 b) 4 c) 8 d) 2
Answer: a) 8
Reason:
You have to find the area that represents only singers and neither dancer nor dramatists. Therefore, you observe the part in triangle that is not a part of rectangle or circle.
The part of triangle separate from rectangle and circle contains 8.
Therefore, 8 is the answer.

 

 

Seating Arrangement -

Seating Arrangement - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

In such problems a group of people, objects, etc, may have to be is arranged in a row or in a circle or any other way. Let us see the example given below:

Example: Just read the following informations carefully to answer the questions given below it:

Five friends P, Q, R, S, and T are sitting on a bench: (i) P is sitting next to Q. (ii) R is sitting next to S. (iii) S is not sitting with T. (iv) T is on the last end of the bench. (v) R is on the 2nd position from the right. (vi) P is on the right of Q and T. (vii) P and R are sitting together.

1. Where is P sitting?

1. Between S and R
2. Between S and R
3. Between T and S
4. Between S and T
5. Between Q and R

2. Who is sitting in the centre?

1. P
2. Q
3. R
4. S
5. T

3. R is sitting between……………

1. Q and S
2. P and T
3. S and T
4. P and S
5. P and Q

4. What is the position of S?

1. Extreme left
2. Extreme right
3. Third from left
4. Second from left
5. None of these

5. What is the position of Q?

1. 2nd from right
2. Centre
3. Extreme left
4. 2nd from left
5. None of these

Now, point to be noted that in arrangement problems the actual information can be classified into 2 categories:

1. Definite information: A definite information is one when the place of object/man is definitely mentioned.
2. Comparative information: In such information the place of object/man is not mentioned definitely but only a comparative position is given. In other words the positions of objects/men are given in comparison to another objects/men.

Now, to solve the problem go as per the following steps:

• Step I: Sketch a diagram of empty places
• Step II: Fill up as many empty places as possible using all the definite informations.
• Step III: With the help of comparative information consider all possibilities and select the possibilities which does not violate any condition.

Now, we can solve the given example:

Here 4th and 5th sentences constitute definite information:

Comparative informations are: 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th sentences while 3rd is a negative information.

Now, start with definite information, sketch the following arrangement:

T __ __ R __

Now, this is the time to look for the comparative informations that tell about T and R. Such informations are 2nd, 6th and 7th sentences. Take the 7th and the 1st sentence. If P and R are together and also Q and P are together, then P must be between Q and R. Now the arrangement take the form as:

T Q P R ____

By the virtue of the 2nd sentence:

T Q P R S

Now, look at the given questions and check that you get the following answer:

1. (5)

2. (1)

3. (4)

4. (2)

5. (4)

Solved Examples

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question given below:

A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a circle facing at the centre. D is second to the left of F and third to the right of H. A is second to the right of F and an immediate neighbour of H. C is second to the right of B and F is third to the right of B. G is not an immediate neighbour of F.

Question 1. How many of them, are there between H and C?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Two or Three
4. Data inadequate
5. None of these

Question 2. Who is to the immediate left of A?

1. H
2. E
3. G
4. Data inadequate
5. None of these

Question 3. In which of the following pairs is the first person sitting to the immediate left of the second person?

1. CD
2. BG
3. HA
4. FC
5. None of these

Question 4. Who is fourth to the right of B ?

1. E
2. C
3. A
4. Data inadequate
5. None of these

Question 5. What is E’s position with respect to G?

1. Second to the right
2. Third to the left
3. Third to the right
4. Second to the left
5. None of these

---

Solution (Q. 1-5): Seating arrangement is as follows:

Answers

1. (2)

2. (2)

3. (4)

4. (1)

5. (2)

---

Directions: On the basis of the information given below, select the correct alternative as answer for the questions which follow the information.

(i) A, B, C, D, E, F and G are sitting on a wall facing east. (ii) C is just right of D. (iii) B is on end point and E is his neighbour. (iv) G is sitting between E and F. (v) D is third from south end.

Question 6.Which of the following is a pair of parsons who is on end points?

1. AE
2. AB
3. FB
4. CB

Question 7. Which of the following information is not necessary to determine the position of A?

1. i
2. ii
3. iii
4. All informations are necessary

Question 8. D is sitting between which of the following pairs?

1. CE
2. AC
3. CF
4. AF

Question 9. C want his seat as third from north, he will have to exchange the seat from which person?

1. G
2. F
3. E
4. Cannot be determined

Question 10. Who is seated right side of E ?

1. F
2. D
3. C
4. G

---

Solutions (6-10): Given information diagrammatically can be shown as follows:

6. (2): A and B is a pair of persons who is at the end points.

7. (4): All informations are necessary

8. (3): D is sitted between C and F.

9. (4): He will have to exchange his seat from G.

10. (5): G is seated right side of E.

Analytical Puzzle Test

Analytical Puzzle Test - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Type 1: Classification Type of Puzzles

In this type, you have to form a table and plot the information given in the question. Based on your table, you can quickly answer all the sub-questions. (Usually, these types of questions will have more than one sub-questions just like data interpretation problems.)

Below is your example question. This problem will help you in understanding better.

Example Question 1: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions that are given below:
Mahesh and Siva are good in French and English
Anu and Baskar are good in English and Japanese
Anu, Kishore and Raju are good in Japanese and Hindi
Raju and Latha are good in Japanese and Chinese
Kishore and Siva are good in Hindi and French

i. Who is good in Chinese, Japanese and Hindi?
a) Anu b) Kishore c) Raju d) Siva
Answer: c) Raju

Reason:
If you create a table based on the question information, you will get the one below.

Name	French	English	Japanese	Chinese	Hindi
Mahesh	✓	✓
Siva	✓	✓			✓
Anu		✓	✓		✓
Baskar		✓	✓
Kishore	✓		✓		✓
Raju			✓	✓	✓
Latha			✓	✓

From the table, we can say Raju knows Japanese, Hindi and Chinese.

For the below sub-questions, you do not have to solve from the start. You can answer just by looking at the table you already created.

ii. Which pair is good in French and Hindi?
a) Siva and Latha b) Kishore and Baskar
c) Siva and Raju d) Siva and Kishore
Answer: d) Siva and Kishore

iii. Who is good in French, Hindi and not in English?
a) Mahesh b) Anu c) Raju d) Kishore
Answer: d) Kishore

iv. Who is not good in French, Chinese and Hindi?
a) Baskar b) Mahesh c) Raju d) Siva
Answer: a) Baskar

v. Which of the following pair is good is in French and Japanese?
a) Mahesh and Baskar b) Kishore and Anu
c) Raju and Siva d) None of these
Answer: d) None of these

Reason:
Kishore is the only person who is good in both French and Japanese. In the question, they have asked to find a pair. So the answer is none of these.

Type II: Comparison Type Questions

In type 2, you will find a comparison between two or more people. For example, the comparison could be in the order of strength, height, age, etc. You have to apply the data to get the correct order. Once you have obtained the right order, you can answer all the following questions, quite quickly.

Here is your example.

Example Question 2: Read the following information and answer the questions given below:
Among five friends, Ravi is stronger than Mohit but weaker than Rohit.
Mani is the strongest.
Prem is stronger than Mohit and weaker than Ravi.

i. Who is the weakest person?
a) Mani b) Prem c) Rohit d) Mohit
Answer: d) Mohit

Reason:
From statement 1, Rohit > Ravi > Mohit
From Statement 2, Mani > Rohit > Ravi > Mohit
From Statement 3, Ravi > Prem > Mohit
Hence, the final arrangement is
Mani > Rohit > Ravi > Prem > Mohit

ii. Who is the second strongest person?
a) Ravi b) Mohit c) Rohit d) Mani
Answer: c) Rohit

Type III: Sequential Order of Events

In type 3, you will be ordering events in sequence. You have read the conditions carefully, work out the possibilities and arrive at a logical conclusion.

Now let us go to the example questions.

Example Question 3: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions that follow:

In an inter-school event, competitions for Singing, Dancing, Verse Writing, Fancy Dress, Quiz and Debate have to be conducted for 5 days.
(a) Singing should not be conducted on Thursday.
(b) Verse Writing should be held immediately after Debate.
(c) There should be a gap of two days between Quiz and Fancy Dress.
(d) Dancing should be conducted on Tuesday and should not be followed by Fancy dress.
(e) Singing should not be followed by fancy dress.

i. Which program is to be conducted on Wednesday?
a) Singing b) Verse Writing c) Quiz d) Debate
Answer: c) Quiz

Reason:
From the statements, it is clear that Dancing is conducted on Tuesday.

Two days gap should be there between Quiz and Fancy dress. For this condition, two possibilities are there. One is Monday and Thursday and the other is Wednesday and Saturday.

Verse-writing should have be followed by Debate. Here also two possibilities. One is Friday and Saturday and the other is Thursday and Friday.

Singing may be on either Monday or Wednesday.

There is another condition that is, Singing should not follow Fancy dress. If we take Monday and Thursday for Quiz and Fancy Dress, Singing will be on Wednesday, and it will be followed by Fancy dress. Hence, our condition will not be satisfied.

So, we go for the other possibility and is given in below table.

Competition	Day
Singing	Monday
Verse Writing	Friday
Debate	Thursday
Quiz	Wednesday
Fancy Dress	Saturday
Dancing	Tuesday

Now, you have arrived at the order of the events. Therefore, you can answer any number of sub-questions quickly after that. Below are few sub -questions to help you understand better.

ii. Which Competition is conducted on Friday?
a) Debate b) Dancing c) Quiz d) Verse Writing
Answer: d) Verse Writing

iii. In which day fancy dress competition is conducted?
a) Monday b) Saturday c) Tuesday d) Wednesday
Answer: b) Saturday

iv. After which competition does Quiz is to be conducted?
a) Fancy dress b) Dancing c) Debate d) Singing
Answer: c) Debate

v. Which competition is to be conducted first?
a) Dancing b) Verse writing c) Debate d) Singing
Answer: d) Singing

Mathematical Operation

Mathematical Operations - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

In such type of questions some relationships are shown with the help of certain symbols/notations and/ or mathematical signs. Each symbol or sign is defined clearly in the question statement itself. In other words, each symbol or sign is accorded two values –one real value and another assigned value of each symbol or sign and then solve the questions accordingly.

For example, Suppose the triangle (∆) means addition.

We know that triangle is a plane figure but here it has been assigned the value of addition (+).

Thus, 3 ∆ 5 ⇒ 3 + 5 = 8

In this way, two work out such questions substitute the assigned/ implied meanings of the symbol or sign and proceed accordingly.

How to Solve the questions

To solve this type of questions, substitute the real signs in the given expression and then solve the expression according to the BODMAS rule.
Order of Operations – BODMAS

1. 1st. B – Brackets, do all the maths contained in brackets first
2. 2nd. O – Orders, square roots, powers and anything else not listed
3. 3rd. D – Division, do your divisions now
4. 4th. M – Multiplication
5. 5th. A – Addition
6. 6th. S – Subtraction

Example: If + means ÷, × means –, ÷ means × and – means +, then, 8 + 6 × 4 ÷ 3 – 4 = ?

1. – 12
2. – 20/3
3. 12
4. 20/3

Solution. (3): Using the given symbols, we have:

Given expression: = 8 ÷ 6 – 4 × 3 + 4 = 4/3 – 4 × 3 + 4

= 4/3 – 12 + 4 = -20/3.

Type 1: Value of the Given Expression

Example 1: If ‘÷’ means ‘+’, ‘–’ means ‘÷’, ‘×’ means ‘–’ and ‘+’ means ‘×’ then, 62 ÷ 8 – 4 × 12 + 4 = ?

1. 16
2. 26
3. 1/16
4. 6

Solution: (1) Given expression, 62 ÷ 8 – 4 × 12 + 4 = ?

According to question, after replacement of mathematical sign

62 + 8 ÷ 4 – 12 × 4 = ?

= 64 – 48 = 16

Hence, ? ⇒ 16

Type 2: Identification of Correct Equation

Example 2: If ‘–’ means ‘+’, ‘+’ means ‘–’, ‘×’ means ‘÷’ and ‘÷’ means ‘×’; then which of the given equations is correct?

1. 30 + 5 – 4 ÷ 10 × 5 = 58
2. 30 + 5 ÷ 4 – 10 × 5 = 22
3. 30 – 5 + 4 ÷ 10 × 5 = 62
4. 30 × 5 – 4 ÷ 10 + 5 = 41

Solution. (4): From option 4:

30 × 5 – 4 ÷ 10 + 5 = 41

According to question, after replacement of mathematical sign

30 ÷ 5 + 4 × 10 – 5 = 41 = 6 + 40 – 5 = 41 = 46 – 5 = 41

Hence option (4) is correct.

Solved Examples

Example 1: If ‘M’ means ‘÷’, R means ‘+’,  T means ‘-’, and ‘K’ means ‘×’ then what will be the value of the following expression?

20 R 16 K 5 M 10 T8 = ?

1. 36
2. 20
3. 36.5
4. 12

Solution. (2): ? = 20 + 16 × 5 ÷ 10 – 8

or  ? = 20 + 16 ×5/10– 8

or  ? = 20 + 8 – 8 = 20

Example 2: Of the two subjects offered to a class in their final year, 32 students in all are studying Psychology while a total of 26 students are studying Sociology. If 16 students have opted to specialize in both, what is the strength of the class?

1. 74
2. 58
3. 42
4. Date inadequate

Solution. (3): Venn diagram of given information would be as follows.

Total strength of the class = 16 + 16 + 10 = 42

Example 3: How many numbers would remain if the numbers which are divisible by 2 and also those having ‘2’ as only one of the digits are dropped from numbers 1 to 30?

1. 14
2. 17
3. 15
4. 10

Solution. (4):

 

 

Ranking And Ordering

Ranking And Ordering - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

The position of a thing/person etc. in a definite order is called as ‘Rank’.

In this type of test, relative position or rank of some person or object are given and candidates are required to find the rank or position of other person or object.

Type of Questions

Type 1. Rank of a person in a queue

Position of person from upward	= [Total no. of persons – position of person from down] + 1.
Position of person from downward	= [Total no. of persons – position of person from up] + 1.
Position of person from right	= [Total no. of persons – position of person from left] + 1.
Position of person from left	= [Total no. of persons – position of person from right] + 1.

Example 1: Anita ranks twelfth in a class of forty six. What will be her rank from the last?

1. 34th
2. 35th
3. 36th
4. 37th

Solution. (2): Rank of Anita from the last

= [Total students – her rank from first] + 1

= (46 – 12) + 1 = 35th.

Example 2: Ravi is 7 ranks ahead of Sumit in a class of 39. If Sumit’s rank is 17th from the last, what is Ravi’s rank from the start?

1. 14th
2. 15th
3. 16th
4. 17th

Solution. (c): Rank of Ravi from the last = 17 + 7 = 24th.

∴  Rank of Ravi from the start = (39 – 24) + 1 = 16th.

Type 2. Total number of person in a queue

Total no. of persons = [Position of person from upward/right + Position of person from downward/left] – 1.

Example 3: Rakesh ranks 7th from the top and 28th from the bottom in a class. How many students are there in the class?

1. 34
2. 35
3. 36
4. 37

Solution. (1): Total no. of students = [7 + 28] – 1 = 34.

Type 3. When two persons change their rank in a queue

If two persons are on a definite position from up and down (or left and right) and they interchange their ranks, then Total no. of persons in order = [present position of first person + previous position of second person] – 1

Example 4: In a row of girls, Shilpa is eighth from the left and Reena is seventeenth from the right. If they interchange their positions, Shilpa becomes fourteenth from the left. How many girls are there in the row?

1. 34
2. 35
3. 30
4. 37

Solution. (3): Total no. of girls

= [present position of Shilpa + previous position of Reena] – 1

= (14 + 17) – 1 = 30

Previous position of first person or present position of second person = Difference of two positions of second person + previous position of second person = Difference of two positions of first person + previous position of second person.

Example 5: In a row of children, Dipa is fifth from the left and Vijay is sixth from the right. When they interchange their places among themselves, Dipa becomes thirteenth from the left. Then, what will be Vijay’s position from the right ?

1. 4th
2. 14th
3. 8th
4. 12th

Solution. (b): Present position of Vijay

= Difference of two positions of Dipa + previous position of Vijay

= (13 – 5) + 6 = 14th

Solved Examples

Question 1. Aruna ranks twelfth in a class of fortysix. What will be her rank from the last?

Solution: Rank of Aruna from the last

= [Total student – her rank from first] + 1 = (46 – 12) + 1 = 35th.

Question 2. In a class of 35 students Kiran is placed 7th from the bottom whereas Sohan is placed 9th from the top. Mohan is placed exactly in between the two. What is Kiran’s position from Mohan ?

Solution: Position of Kiran from the top = [35 – 7] + 1 = 29 th

Position of Sohan from the top = 9th.

Difference of their positions = 29 – 9 = 20

∴ Mohan’s position from top = 9 + 10 = 19th

Hence, Kiran’s position from Mohan = 29 – 19 = 10th

Question 3. Sonal ranks 7th from the top and 28th from the bottom in a class. How many students are there in the class?

Solution: Total no. of students = [7 + 28] – 1 = 34.

Question 4. There are thirty five students in a class. Suman ranks third among the girls in the class. Amit ranks 5th among the boys in the class. Suman is one rank below Amit in the class. No two students hold the same rank in the class. What is Amit’s rank in the class?

Solution: Suman is one rank below Amit in the class. Hence two girls and four boys are ahead of Amit. Hence Amit’s rank in the class is 7th.

Question 5. Manish ranked sixteenth from the top and twenty-ninth from the bottom among those who passed an examination. Six boys did not participate in the competition and five failed in it. How many boys were there in the class?

Solution: Total no. of students = [(16 + 29) – 1] + 6 + 5 = 55.

Question 6. In a sequence of children, Kashish is fifth from the left and Mona is sixth from the right. When they interchange their places among themselves, Kashish becomes thirteenth from the left. Then, what will be Mona’s position from the right?

Solution: Second position of Mona = Difference of two positions of Kashish + First position of Mona = (13 – 5) + 6 = 14th

Question 7. Mohan is older than Prabir, Suresh is younger than Prabir. Mihir is older than Suresh but younger than Prabir. Who among the four is the youngest?

Solution:

• Mohan > Prabir > Suresh
• Prabir > Mihir > Suresh

Hence, Mohan > Prabir > Mihir > Suresh

Alphabet Reasoning

Alphabet Reasoning 

Type I: Word Formation From Letters of Another Word

In this type, you have to form words from specific letters of a given word. Next, you need to answer questions based on the new word/words formed. Below is an example.

Example Question 1: If it is possible to make a meaningful word with the fourth, the seventh, the eighth and the twelfth letters of the word “QUANTITATIVE”, which of the following will be the second letter of that word from the left end? If no such word can be made give ‘X’ as the answer and, if more than one such word can be made, give ‘M’ as the answer.
a) E b) M c) A d) X

Solution:
The given word is,

Q	U	A	N	T	I	T	A	T	I	V	E
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12

Fourth letter in the word is – N
Seventh letter is – T
Eighth letter is – A
And twelfth letter is – E
The meaningful word you can form using the above letters is NEAT.
(Here, we can make only one word). So, the second letter from the left end is E.
Hence, the answer is Option a) E.

Type II: Letter Series

In this type, you have to find missing letters in a series. Let us see an example.

Example Question 2: What will come in the place of (?) in the following letter series?
EG, HJ, KM, NP, ?

Solution:
The letters in the series are formed by using the logic,
G is the second letter from E.
The second term (‘HJ’) starts with the successive letter of G, i.e., H.
Below diagram will help you to understand the logic behind the series better.

So the next letter in the series is QS. (Q is the next successive letter of P and S is the second letter from Q).

Type III: Identifying Letters That Match Given Conditions

In this type, you have to identify letters based on certain conditions given in the question. Here is an example.

Example Question 3: How many pairs of letters are there in the word “QUANTITATIVE” which have as many letters between them as in the English alphabet series?

Solution:
In the word, QUANTITATIVE you have to check for the pairs of letters that are in alphabet series.

In real alphabet series, the letters T and V have only one letter U between them.
In the word ‘QUANTITATIVE’ the letters T and V have only one letter I between them.
Therefore, TV is one such pair.

The other pair is AE. In the alphabet series, we have 3 letters between A and E., i.e., A, B, C, D and E.
Similarly, in the given word also, there are three letters between A and E.

Below diagram will help you to understand the solution better.

Hence, we have two such pair of letters (TV and AE).

Type IV: Arranging Words in Alphabetic Order

This type is the easiest of all. You have to arrange given words in alphabetical order and answer the corresponding questions.

Example Question 4: Arrange the following five words in alphabetical order as per dictionary then find which of the following word will come at the third place?
1) Music
2) Modern
3) Mobile
4) Manifest
5) Magic

Solution:
First, we have to arrange the words in dictionary (alphabetical) order.
First, check the first letter of the given words,

Words	Letters
Music	M
Modern	M
Mobile	M
Manifest	M
Magic	M

Here all the words start with the letter M. Therefore we have to move to the second letter to arrange in order.

Words	Letters
Music	U
Modern	O
Mobile	O
Manifest	A
Magic	A

Based on the second letter, the words can be arranged as,
Manifest
Magic
Modern
Mobile
Music
Here, the second letter of the words ‘Manifest’ and ‘Magic’ are same. Similarly, for ‘Modern’ and ‘Mobile’ the second letters are the same. In order, to find the proper arrangement we have to check with the third letter of these words.

Words	Letters
Manifest	N
Magic	G
Modern	D
Mobile	B

Now the arrangement is,
Magic
Manifest
Mobile
Modern
Music
The word that comes at the third place is ‘Mobile’.

Type V: Arrangement of Letters and Interpretation

In this type, you will find conditions based on which you have to arrange letters. Then you have to answer the questions based on the new arrangement. Below example will help you to understand clearly. (There are 3 sub questions to the below one.)

Example Question 5: Directions (i- iii) Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Write the first 10 letters of above alphabets in reverse order, followed by next 6 letters, followed by remaining 10 letters in reverse order.

(i). Which letter will be the thirteenth to the right of the third letter from right?
Solution to sub-question (i):
First, we have to arrange the letters based on the condition given.
Step 1 : Arrange first 10 letters in reverse order.
JIHGFEDCBA
Step 2: Next 6 letters should be followed as it is,
JIHGFEDCBAKLMNOP
Step 3: The remaining 10 letters should be reversed
JIHGFEDCBAKLMNOPZYXWVUTSRQ

Now, we have arranged the alphabets according to the question.
Next, we have to find the thirteenth letter right to the third letter from your right. You can find it using the diagram(i) shown below.

The required letter is K.

(ii). Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
a) FDA b) LNZ c) PYV d) OZX e) WUR

Solution to sub question (ii):
In the arrangement we just created. (refer to diagram in sub-question (i))
Consider the first option ‘FDA. Here, D is the second letter from F and A is the third letter from D. The same logic is used to form all the terms except option d) OZX.
Below diagram will help you to understand the logic better.

(iii). How many letters are there in between letters F and O in the sequence?

Solution to sub-question (iii):
Based on our arrangement diagram (refer to the diagram in sub-question (i)), the letters in the sequence are,

F

E

D

C

B

A

K

L

M

N

O

The number of letters between F and O is 9.

Direction Sense

Direction Sense - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Type I: Identify Direction (After Journey)

In this type, based on the conditions given, you have to construct a diagram. Based on your diagram, you have to identify the direction at final spot. Below example will help you to understand better.

Example Question 1: Rahul walks 5 km West, turns southeast and walks 8 km. Again, he turns towards northeast and walks 10 km and then turns to his right. In which direction from his starting point is he standing now?
a) East
b) West
c) Northeast
d) Southeast
Answer: c) Northeast

Reason:

If you apply the conditions given in the question, you will get the below diagram.

From the above diagram, you can say that Rahul is in Northeast direction from his starting point.

Type II: Identify Distance When Start & Finish Points Are in Straight Line

In this type, you will be asked to find the distance between start and finish points. The conditions will be such that the final point will be in straight line with the starting point. Below is an example for this type.

Example Question 2: Sita started from her home towards North and covered a distance of 200 m and then turned to her right and walked 150 m. Then she again turned to her right and walked 75 m and finally she again turned to her right and walked 150 m. How far is she from her home?
a) 125 m
b) 200 m
c) 175 m
d) 150 m
Answer: b) 125 m

Reason:
Based on the question, you will be able to draw the below diagram. As you can see, the starting point A is in straight line with the end point E.

As you know, the above diagram represents the total distance walked by Sita.
Now, we have to find the distance between Sita’s home and the place where she ends i.e., the distance of AE.
Here, AB = 200 m, CD = 75 m
Since CD and BE are parallel lines and BCDE is a rectangle, you can write BE = (CD =) 75 m.

Therefore, you can calculate AE as follows.
AE = AB – BE
= 200 – 75
=125 m.

Type III: Calculate Distance When Start & Finish Points Are NOT in Straight Line

This type is a slight extension of type 2. In this case, the start and finish points will not be in straight line. Below is an example.

Example Question 3: Kishore rides in his bicycle from his home 10 m towards north, then he turns right and travels 15 m, then turns left and travels 10 m and reaches his office. How far is the office from his home?
a) 100 m
b) 25 m
c) 75 m
d) 50 m
Answer: b) 25 m

Reason:

We have to find the distance between Kishore’s home and office.
From the diagram, the distance to find is AD.
From Pythagoras formula,
AD² = AE² + ED² ….. equation 1

But, from the above diagram, ED = EC + CD
ED = 10 + 10 (Because EC = AB = 10 and CD = 10)
= 20

Now you have to substitute the value of ED = 20, in equation 1.
AD² = 15² + 20²
AD² = 625
AD = 25 m

Type IV: Calculating Direction/Distance When Turns Are Given in Degrees

This type is similar to the above types with one exception. In this case, the turns will be given in degrees. Now let us see an example.

In such problems, whenever you see “clockwise”, you have to understand that the person is turning “right”. Similarly, an “anti-clockwise” turn denotes a “left” turn.

Example Question 4: Gita runs towards north 5 km and from there turned 90˚ anti-clockwise and runs 4 km. Then she takes 135˚ turn clockwise and ran 2 km. Find the direction of Gita with respect to the starting point.
a) South west Region
b) North west Region
c) South east Region
d) North east Region
Answer: d) North east Region

Reason:

You can easily draw the below diagram if you follow the question carefully.

Hence, the final direction is North East.