Venn Diagram Test

Venn Diagram Test - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Type 1: Matching the Relationship

You will find a set of things in the question. You have to find the best diagram that fits the connection between the things. Below is an example to help you.

Example Question 1: Which of the following diagram indicates the best relation between Pen, Nib and Pencil?

Answer: a
Reason:
The relation between pen, nib and pencil.
Nib is a component or part of pen and pencil is different from both.
Among the options, option a represents one circle inside the other i.e. nib is the part of pen and another circle individually which represent pencil that does not have relation with other two.

Type 2: Numbers (Data) Inside Diagram

In this type, you will find numbers (data) in Venn diagrams. You have to find the answers based on the data.

Below is an example question.

Example Question 2: In the below diagram, rectangle represents Dancer, triangle represents Singer and circle represents Dramatist.

1. How many dancers are also singers?
a) 7 b) 5 c) 8 d) 2
Answer: c) 8
Reason:
Rectangle represents dancers. Triangle represents singers. To find the dancers who are also singers, see the overlap area between rectangle and triangle.
The overlap contains 6 and 2. Therefore, the answer is 6+2 = 8.

2. How many dramatist are both dancers and singers?
a) 6 b) 5 c) 8 d) 2
Answer: a) 6

3. how many singers are neither dancers nor dramatist?
a) 6 b) 4 c) 8 d) 2
Answer: a) 8
Reason:
You have to find the area that represents only singers and neither dancer nor dramatists. Therefore, you observe the part in triangle that is not a part of rectangle or circle.
The part of triangle separate from rectangle and circle contains 8.
Therefore, 8 is the answer.

 

 

Seating Arrangement -

Seating Arrangement - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

In such problems a group of people, objects, etc, may have to be is arranged in a row or in a circle or any other way. Let us see the example given below:

Example: Just read the following informations carefully to answer the questions given below it:

Five friends P, Q, R, S, and T are sitting on a bench: (i) P is sitting next to Q. (ii) R is sitting next to S. (iii) S is not sitting with T. (iv) T is on the last end of the bench. (v) R is on the 2nd position from the right. (vi) P is on the right of Q and T. (vii) P and R are sitting together.

1. Where is P sitting?

1. Between S and R
2. Between S and R
3. Between T and S
4. Between S and T
5. Between Q and R

2. Who is sitting in the centre?

1. P
2. Q
3. R
4. S
5. T

3. R is sitting between……………

1. Q and S
2. P and T
3. S and T
4. P and S
5. P and Q

4. What is the position of S?

1. Extreme left
2. Extreme right
3. Third from left
4. Second from left
5. None of these

5. What is the position of Q?

1. 2nd from right
2. Centre
3. Extreme left
4. 2nd from left
5. None of these

Now, point to be noted that in arrangement problems the actual information can be classified into 2 categories:

1. Definite information: A definite information is one when the place of object/man is definitely mentioned.
2. Comparative information: In such information the place of object/man is not mentioned definitely but only a comparative position is given. In other words the positions of objects/men are given in comparison to another objects/men.

Now, to solve the problem go as per the following steps:

• Step I: Sketch a diagram of empty places
• Step II: Fill up as many empty places as possible using all the definite informations.
• Step III: With the help of comparative information consider all possibilities and select the possibilities which does not violate any condition.

Now, we can solve the given example:

Here 4th and 5th sentences constitute definite information:

Comparative informations are: 1st, 2nd, 6th and 7th sentences while 3rd is a negative information.

Now, start with definite information, sketch the following arrangement:

T __ __ R __

Now, this is the time to look for the comparative informations that tell about T and R. Such informations are 2nd, 6th and 7th sentences. Take the 7th and the 1st sentence. If P and R are together and also Q and P are together, then P must be between Q and R. Now the arrangement take the form as:

T Q P R ____

By the virtue of the 2nd sentence:

T Q P R S

Now, look at the given questions and check that you get the following answer:

1. (5)

2. (1)

3. (4)

4. (2)

5. (4)

Solved Examples

Directions: Study the following information carefully and answer the question given below:

A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a circle facing at the centre. D is second to the left of F and third to the right of H. A is second to the right of F and an immediate neighbour of H. C is second to the right of B and F is third to the right of B. G is not an immediate neighbour of F.

Question 1. How many of them, are there between H and C?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Two or Three
4. Data inadequate
5. None of these

Question 2. Who is to the immediate left of A?

1. H
2. E
3. G
4. Data inadequate
5. None of these

Question 3. In which of the following pairs is the first person sitting to the immediate left of the second person?

1. CD
2. BG
3. HA
4. FC
5. None of these

Question 4. Who is fourth to the right of B ?

1. E
2. C
3. A
4. Data inadequate
5. None of these

Question 5. What is E’s position with respect to G?

1. Second to the right
2. Third to the left
3. Third to the right
4. Second to the left
5. None of these

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Solution (Q. 1-5): Seating arrangement is as follows:

Answers

1. (2)

2. (2)

3. (4)

4. (1)

5. (2)

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Directions: On the basis of the information given below, select the correct alternative as answer for the questions which follow the information.

(i) A, B, C, D, E, F and G are sitting on a wall facing east. (ii) C is just right of D. (iii) B is on end point and E is his neighbour. (iv) G is sitting between E and F. (v) D is third from south end.

Question 6.Which of the following is a pair of parsons who is on end points?

1. AE
2. AB
3. FB
4. CB

Question 7. Which of the following information is not necessary to determine the position of A?

1. i
2. ii
3. iii
4. All informations are necessary

Question 8. D is sitting between which of the following pairs?

1. CE
2. AC
3. CF
4. AF

Question 9. C want his seat as third from north, he will have to exchange the seat from which person?

1. G
2. F
3. E
4. Cannot be determined

Question 10. Who is seated right side of E ?

1. F
2. D
3. C
4. G

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Solutions (6-10): Given information diagrammatically can be shown as follows:

6. (2): A and B is a pair of persons who is at the end points.

7. (4): All informations are necessary

8. (3): D is sitted between C and F.

9. (4): He will have to exchange his seat from G.

10. (5): G is seated right side of E.

Analytical Puzzle Test

Analytical Puzzle Test - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Type 1: Classification Type of Puzzles

In this type, you have to form a table and plot the information given in the question. Based on your table, you can quickly answer all the sub-questions. (Usually, these types of questions will have more than one sub-questions just like data interpretation problems.)

Below is your example question. This problem will help you in understanding better.

Example Question 1: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions that are given below:
Mahesh and Siva are good in French and English
Anu and Baskar are good in English and Japanese
Anu, Kishore and Raju are good in Japanese and Hindi
Raju and Latha are good in Japanese and Chinese
Kishore and Siva are good in Hindi and French

i. Who is good in Chinese, Japanese and Hindi?
a) Anu b) Kishore c) Raju d) Siva
Answer: c) Raju

Reason:
If you create a table based on the question information, you will get the one below.

Name	French	English	Japanese	Chinese	Hindi
Mahesh	✓	✓
Siva	✓	✓			✓
Anu		✓	✓		✓
Baskar		✓	✓
Kishore	✓		✓		✓
Raju			✓	✓	✓
Latha			✓	✓

From the table, we can say Raju knows Japanese, Hindi and Chinese.

For the below sub-questions, you do not have to solve from the start. You can answer just by looking at the table you already created.

ii. Which pair is good in French and Hindi?
a) Siva and Latha b) Kishore and Baskar
c) Siva and Raju d) Siva and Kishore
Answer: d) Siva and Kishore

iii. Who is good in French, Hindi and not in English?
a) Mahesh b) Anu c) Raju d) Kishore
Answer: d) Kishore

iv. Who is not good in French, Chinese and Hindi?
a) Baskar b) Mahesh c) Raju d) Siva
Answer: a) Baskar

v. Which of the following pair is good is in French and Japanese?
a) Mahesh and Baskar b) Kishore and Anu
c) Raju and Siva d) None of these
Answer: d) None of these

Reason:
Kishore is the only person who is good in both French and Japanese. In the question, they have asked to find a pair. So the answer is none of these.

Type II: Comparison Type Questions

In type 2, you will find a comparison between two or more people. For example, the comparison could be in the order of strength, height, age, etc. You have to apply the data to get the correct order. Once you have obtained the right order, you can answer all the following questions, quite quickly.

Here is your example.

Example Question 2: Read the following information and answer the questions given below:
Among five friends, Ravi is stronger than Mohit but weaker than Rohit.
Mani is the strongest.
Prem is stronger than Mohit and weaker than Ravi.

i. Who is the weakest person?
a) Mani b) Prem c) Rohit d) Mohit
Answer: d) Mohit

Reason:
From statement 1, Rohit > Ravi > Mohit
From Statement 2, Mani > Rohit > Ravi > Mohit
From Statement 3, Ravi > Prem > Mohit
Hence, the final arrangement is
Mani > Rohit > Ravi > Prem > Mohit

ii. Who is the second strongest person?
a) Ravi b) Mohit c) Rohit d) Mani
Answer: c) Rohit

Type III: Sequential Order of Events

In type 3, you will be ordering events in sequence. You have read the conditions carefully, work out the possibilities and arrive at a logical conclusion.

Now let us go to the example questions.

Example Question 3: Study the following information carefully and answer the questions that follow:

In an inter-school event, competitions for Singing, Dancing, Verse Writing, Fancy Dress, Quiz and Debate have to be conducted for 5 days.
(a) Singing should not be conducted on Thursday.
(b) Verse Writing should be held immediately after Debate.
(c) There should be a gap of two days between Quiz and Fancy Dress.
(d) Dancing should be conducted on Tuesday and should not be followed by Fancy dress.
(e) Singing should not be followed by fancy dress.

i. Which program is to be conducted on Wednesday?
a) Singing b) Verse Writing c) Quiz d) Debate
Answer: c) Quiz

Reason:
From the statements, it is clear that Dancing is conducted on Tuesday.

Two days gap should be there between Quiz and Fancy dress. For this condition, two possibilities are there. One is Monday and Thursday and the other is Wednesday and Saturday.

Verse-writing should have be followed by Debate. Here also two possibilities. One is Friday and Saturday and the other is Thursday and Friday.

Singing may be on either Monday or Wednesday.

There is another condition that is, Singing should not follow Fancy dress. If we take Monday and Thursday for Quiz and Fancy Dress, Singing will be on Wednesday, and it will be followed by Fancy dress. Hence, our condition will not be satisfied.

So, we go for the other possibility and is given in below table.

Competition	Day
Singing	Monday
Verse Writing	Friday
Debate	Thursday
Quiz	Wednesday
Fancy Dress	Saturday
Dancing	Tuesday

Now, you have arrived at the order of the events. Therefore, you can answer any number of sub-questions quickly after that. Below are few sub -questions to help you understand better.

ii. Which Competition is conducted on Friday?
a) Debate b) Dancing c) Quiz d) Verse Writing
Answer: d) Verse Writing

iii. In which day fancy dress competition is conducted?
a) Monday b) Saturday c) Tuesday d) Wednesday
Answer: b) Saturday

iv. After which competition does Quiz is to be conducted?
a) Fancy dress b) Dancing c) Debate d) Singing
Answer: c) Debate

v. Which competition is to be conducted first?
a) Dancing b) Verse writing c) Debate d) Singing
Answer: d) Singing

Mathematical Operation

Mathematical Operations - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

In such type of questions some relationships are shown with the help of certain symbols/notations and/ or mathematical signs. Each symbol or sign is defined clearly in the question statement itself. In other words, each symbol or sign is accorded two values –one real value and another assigned value of each symbol or sign and then solve the questions accordingly.

For example, Suppose the triangle (∆) means addition.

We know that triangle is a plane figure but here it has been assigned the value of addition (+).

Thus, 3 ∆ 5 ⇒ 3 + 5 = 8

In this way, two work out such questions substitute the assigned/ implied meanings of the symbol or sign and proceed accordingly.

How to Solve the questions

To solve this type of questions, substitute the real signs in the given expression and then solve the expression according to the BODMAS rule.
Order of Operations – BODMAS

1. 1st. B – Brackets, do all the maths contained in brackets first
2. 2nd. O – Orders, square roots, powers and anything else not listed
3. 3rd. D – Division, do your divisions now
4. 4th. M – Multiplication
5. 5th. A – Addition
6. 6th. S – Subtraction

Example: If + means ÷, × means –, ÷ means × and – means +, then, 8 + 6 × 4 ÷ 3 – 4 = ?

1. – 12
2. – 20/3
3. 12
4. 20/3

Solution. (3): Using the given symbols, we have:

Given expression: = 8 ÷ 6 – 4 × 3 + 4 = 4/3 – 4 × 3 + 4

= 4/3 – 12 + 4 = -20/3.

Type 1: Value of the Given Expression

Example 1: If ‘÷’ means ‘+’, ‘–’ means ‘÷’, ‘×’ means ‘–’ and ‘+’ means ‘×’ then, 62 ÷ 8 – 4 × 12 + 4 = ?

1. 16
2. 26
3. 1/16
4. 6

Solution: (1) Given expression, 62 ÷ 8 – 4 × 12 + 4 = ?

According to question, after replacement of mathematical sign

62 + 8 ÷ 4 – 12 × 4 = ?

= 64 – 48 = 16

Hence, ? ⇒ 16

Type 2: Identification of Correct Equation

Example 2: If ‘–’ means ‘+’, ‘+’ means ‘–’, ‘×’ means ‘÷’ and ‘÷’ means ‘×’; then which of the given equations is correct?

1. 30 + 5 – 4 ÷ 10 × 5 = 58
2. 30 + 5 ÷ 4 – 10 × 5 = 22
3. 30 – 5 + 4 ÷ 10 × 5 = 62
4. 30 × 5 – 4 ÷ 10 + 5 = 41

Solution. (4): From option 4:

30 × 5 – 4 ÷ 10 + 5 = 41

According to question, after replacement of mathematical sign

30 ÷ 5 + 4 × 10 – 5 = 41 = 6 + 40 – 5 = 41 = 46 – 5 = 41

Hence option (4) is correct.

Solved Examples

Example 1: If ‘M’ means ‘÷’, R means ‘+’,  T means ‘-’, and ‘K’ means ‘×’ then what will be the value of the following expression?

20 R 16 K 5 M 10 T8 = ?

1. 36
2. 20
3. 36.5
4. 12

Solution. (2): ? = 20 + 16 × 5 ÷ 10 – 8

or  ? = 20 + 16 ×5/10– 8

or  ? = 20 + 8 – 8 = 20

Example 2: Of the two subjects offered to a class in their final year, 32 students in all are studying Psychology while a total of 26 students are studying Sociology. If 16 students have opted to specialize in both, what is the strength of the class?

1. 74
2. 58
3. 42
4. Date inadequate

Solution. (3): Venn diagram of given information would be as follows.

Total strength of the class = 16 + 16 + 10 = 42

Example 3: How many numbers would remain if the numbers which are divisible by 2 and also those having ‘2’ as only one of the digits are dropped from numbers 1 to 30?

1. 14
2. 17
3. 15
4. 10

Solution. (4):