सादृश्यता परीक्षा

सादृश्यता परीक्षा (Analogy Test) शार्ट ट्रिक और उदहारण

सादृश्यता का अर्थ समानता होता है। इसका उद्देश्य वस्तुओं के बीच समानता या उनमें अन्तर्निहित आन्तरिक संबंधों को समझने एवं विश्लेषण करने की योग्यता को परखना है। समान संबंधों के आधार पर समानता का परीक्षण सादृश्यता का मुख्य उद्देश्य है।

इससे संबंधित प्रश्न विभिन्न तत्वों, वस्तुओं, घटनाओं, क्रियाओं इत्यादि के अंतर्संबंधों को समझने और परखने की योग्यता की जांच के लिए होते हैं। यद्यपि ऐसे प्रश्न आसान प्रतीत होते हैं, किन्तु थोड़ी भी असावधानी पर गलत होने की सम्भावना बनी रहती है।

अतः ऐसे प्रश्नों का उत्तर देते समय पूरी सावधानी बरतनी चाहिए। शब्दों को व्यापक अर्थों में समझने का प्रयास करना चाहिए। इस परीक्षण के अन्तर्गत प्रश्न अंक, अक्षर तथा शब्द तीनों पर आधारित होते हैं। अक्षरों पर आधारित प्रश्नों को हल करने के लिए अंग्रेज़ी वर्णमाला में विभिन्न अक्षरों की स्थिति याद रखनी चाहिए।

सादृश्यता पर प्रश्न प्रत्येक प्रकार के संबंधों पर भी आधारित होते हैं जो हम सोचते हैं या जिसे हम अपने दैनिक जीवन में पाते हैं। कुछ उदाहरणों के द्वारा इस प्रकार के प्रश्नों पर गौर करें:

पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्नों पर एक दृष्टि

1. शब्द समरूपता

उदाहरण 1. जिस प्रकार ‘इंतजार’ का संबंध ‘उबन’ से है, उसी प्रकार ‘शिक्षा’ का संबंध किससे है?

1. पुस्तक से
2. स्कूल से
3. पाठ्यक्रम से
4. ज्ञान-वर्धन से

हल (4): जिस प्रकार ‘इंतजार’ करने पर ‘उबन’ होती है, उसी प्रकार ‘शिक्षा’ ग्रहण करने पर ‘ज्ञान-वर्धन’ होता है।

अतः, ? ⇒ ज्ञान-वर्धन

उदाहरण 2. दिये गए विकल्पों में से कौन प्रश्नवाचक स्थान पर आएगा?

बिम्बलडन-ट्राॅफी : टेनिस :: वाकर कप : ?

1. गोल्फ
2. कुश्ती
3. बाॅक्सिंग
4. घुड़दौड़

हल (1): ‘बिम्बलडन ट्राॅफी’, टेनिस की एक प्रतियोगिता है, उसी प्रकार ‘वाकर कप’, गोल्फ की एक प्रतियोगिता है।

अतः, ? ⇒ गोल्फ

2. अक्षर समरूपता

उदाहरण 3. दिये गए विकल्पों में से कौन प्रश्नवाचक स्थान पर आएगा?

JPLM : NTPQ :: BKLO : ?

1. DOPS
2. FOPS
3. FOQR
4. FRPS

हल (2):

3. संख्या समरूपता

उदाहरण 4. दिये गए विकल्पों में से कौन प्रश्नवाचक स्थान पर आएगा?

25 : 630 :: 10 : ?

1. 105
2. 47
3. 18
4. 27

हल (1): (25 × 25) + 5 = 630

(10 × 10) + 5 = 105.

4. अक्षर-संख्या समरूपता

उदाहरण 5. ‘8’ का ’16P’ से और ‘6’ का ’12L’ से जो संबंध है वही संबंध ’11’ का …………….. से है।

1. 22 R
2. 22 K
3. 22 J
4. इनमें से कोई नहीं

हल (4): 8 × 2 = 16 एवं

(अंग्रेज़ी वर्णमाला में P का स्थान 16वां है।)

6 × 2 = 12 एवं L

(अंग्रेजी वर्णमाला में L का स्थान 12वां है।)

अतः 11 × 2 = 22 एवं V

(अंग्रेज़ी वर्णमाला में V का स्थान 22 वां है।)

साधित उदाहरण (Solved Examples)

1. जिस प्रकार ‘b’ का संबंध ‘doubt’ से है, उसी प्रकार ‘h’ का संबंध किससे है?

1. house
2. honest
3. hope
4. inhibit

हल (2): जिस प्रकार अक्षर ‘b’ का उच्चारण ‘doubt’ शब्द में नहीं किया जाता है।, उसी प्रकार अक्षर ‘h’ का उच्चारण शब्द honest में नहीं किया जाता है।

अतः ? ⇒ honest

2. जिस प्रकार ‘प्रवेश’ का संबंध ‘निर्गम’ से है, उसी प्रकार ‘निष्ठा’ का संबंध किससे है?

1. झूठ
2. विश्वासघात
3. बेईमानी
4. सत्य

हल (2): जिस प्रकार ‘प्रवेश’ का विपरीत ‘निर्गम’ होता है, उसी प्रकार ‘निष्ठा’ का विपरीत ‘विश्वासघात’ होता है।

अतः, ? ⇒ विश्वासघात

3. निम्नलिखित में किस जोडे का संबंध ‘OFTEN : FOTNE’ के समान है?

1. HEART : TRAHE
2. OPENS : SNEOP
3. RISKY : IRSYK
4. FIRST : IFRST

हल (c):

4. दिये गए विकल्पों में से कौन प्रश्नवाचक स्थान पर आएगा?

टका : बांग्लादेश :: लीरा : ?

1. कंबोडिगा
2. इटली
3. भारत
4. पाकिस्तान

हल (2): ‘टका’, बंगलादेश की मुद्रा है, उसी प्रकार ‘लीरा’, इटली की मुद्रा है।

अतः, ? ⇒ इटली

5. निम्नलिखित में किस जोडे का संबंध ‘तमाशा : हँसी’ के समान है ?

1. घबराहट : निराशा
2. प्रकार : भेद
3. व्यंग्य : क्रोध
4. डर : बेचैनी

हल (4): तमाशा में हँसी आती है, डर से बेचैनी होती है

6. दिये गए विकल्पों में से कौन प्रश्नवाचक स्थान पर आएगा?

पायरिया : दाँत :: ट्रकोमा : ?

1. कान
2. त्वचा
3. नाम
4. आँख

हल (4): ‘पायरिया’, ‘दाँत’ की एक बीमारी है, उसी प्रकार ‘ट्रकोमा’, ‘आँख’ की एक बीमारी है।

अतः, ? ⇒ आँख

8. दिए गए विकल्पों में से एक शब्द का चयन करें जो समान समूह के अन्तर्गत आता हो:

Clutch, Brake, Horn

1. Stand
2. Steering
3. Car
4. Accident

हल (2): जिस प्रकार Clutch, Brake, Horn किसी गाड़ी के अभिन्न अंग हैं उसी प्रकार Steering गाड़ी का अभिन्न अंग होते है।

Analogy

Analogy - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Important types of Analogy

Synonym Based Analogy

In such type of analogy two words have similar meaning.
Examples:

Big: Large	Huge : Gigantic
Endless : Eternal	Thin : Slim
Benevolent : Kind	Notion : Idea

Antonym Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the two words of the question pair are opposite in meaning.
Examples:

Poor : Rich	Fat: Slim
Tall: Short	Big: Small
Light : Dark	Avoid : Meet

Tool & Object Based Analogy

This establishes a relationship between a tool and the object in which it works.
Examples:

Pencil : Paper	Pen : Paper
Scissors : Cloth	Saw : Wood
Eraser : Paper	Filter : Water

Worker & Tool Based Analogy

This establishes a relationship between a particular tool and the person of that particular profession who uses that tool.
Examples:

Writer : Pen	Painter : Brush
Cricketer : Bat	Blacksmith : Hammer
Barber : Scissors	Hunter : Gun

Worker & Product Based Analogy

This type of analogy gives a relationship between a person of particular profession and his/her creations.
Examples:

Batsman : Run	Writer: Book
Author : Novel	Singer: Song
Poet : Poem	Journalist : News

Causes & Effect Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 1st word acts and the 2nd word is the effect of that action.
Examples:

Work : Tiredness	Bath : Freshness
Race : Fatigue	Shoot : Kill
Infection : Disease	Food : Energy

Gender Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, one word is masculine and another word is feminine of it. In fact, it is a ‘male and female’ or ‘sex’ relationship.

Examples:

Man : Woman	Boy : Girl
Nephew : Niece	Bull : Cow
Duck : Drake	Lion : Lioness

Classification Based Analogy

This type of analogy is based on biological, physical, chemical or any other classification. In such problems the 1st word may be classified by the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Cow : Animal	Girl : Human
Oxygen : Gas	Water: Liquid
Snake : Reptile	Parrot: Bird

Function Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, 2nd word describes the function of the 1st word.

Examples:

Singer : Sings	General : Commands
Player : Plays	Surgeon : Operates
Spoon : Feed	Microscope : Magnify

Quantity and Unit Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 2nd word is the unit of the first word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Distance : Mile	Mass : Kilogram
Length : Meter	Force : Newton
Power : Watt	Temperature : Degree

Product & Raw Material Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 1st word is the raw material and 2nd word is the end product of that raw material and vice-versa.

Examples:

Yarn : Fabric	Milk : Curd
Flour : Bread	Latex : Rubber
Grape : Wine	Fruit : Juice

Utility Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 2nd word shows the purpose of the 1st word or vice-versa.

Examples:

Pen : Writing	Food : Eating
Chair : Sitting	Bed : Sleeping
Bat : Playing	Steering : Drive

Symbolic Relationship Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, the 1st word is the symbol of the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

White : Peace	Red : Danger
Black : Sorrow	Red Cross : Hospital
Swastika : Fortune	Yellow : Flood

Adult & Young one Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, the 1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.

Examples:

Cow : Calf	Human : Child
Dog: Puppy	Duck : Duck ling
Goat : Kid	Tiger : Cub

Subject & Specialist Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 2nd word is the specialist of 1st word (subject) or vice-versa.

Examples:

Heart : Cardiologist	Skin : Dermatologist
Pediatrics : Children	Ophthalmologist : Eye
Geologist : Earth Science

Habit Based Analogy

In this type of analogy 2nd word is the habit of 1st and vice-versa.

Examples:

Cat : Omnivorous	Tiger : Carnivorous
Cow : Herbivorous	Goat : Herbivorous

Instrument and Measurement Based Analogy

We see in this type of analogy, the 1st word is the instrument to measure the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Hygrometer : Humidity	Barometer : Pressure
Thermometer : Temperature	Sphygmomanometer : Blood pressure

Individual & Group Based Analogy

Second word is the group of 1st word (or vice-versa) in such type of analogy.

Examples:

Cow : Herd	Sheep : Flack
Grapes : Bunch	Singer : Chorus

State & Capital Based Analogy

1st word is the state and 2nd word is the capital of that state (1st word) (or vice-versa) in the analogy.

Examples:

Bihar : Patna	West Bengal : Kolkata
Maharashtra: Mumbai	Karnataka : Bangluru

Capital & Country Based Analogy

Examples:

Rome : Italy	Muskat : Oman
Lima : Peru	Accra : Ghana
Oslo : Norway	Delhi : India

Individual & Dwelling Place Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 1st word is the individual & 2nd word is the dwelling place of that individual (1st word) and vice-versa.

Examples:

Horse : Stable	Bee : Apiary
Dog : Kennel	Birds : Aviary
Monk : Monastery	Human : House

Worker and Working Place Based Analogy

In this type of analogy the 1st word represents a person of particular profession and 2nd word represents the working place of that person (1st word) and vice-versa.

Examples:

Doctor : Hospital	Clerk : Office
Cook : Kitchen	Professor : College
Teacher : School	Lawyer : Court

Topic Study Based Analogy

1st word is the study of the 2nd word (or vice-versa) in the analogy.

Examples:

Birds : Ornithology	Earth quakes : Seismology
Botany : Plants	Zoology : Animals
Mycology : Fungi	Histology : Tissues

Trophy and Game Based Analogy

Examples:

Ranji Trophy : Cricket	Dhyan chand Trophy : Hockey
Thomas Cup : Badminton	Uber cup : Badminton

Product and Raw Material Based Analogy

Examples:

Metal : Ore	Bread : Flour
Curd : Milk	Wine : Grapes
Butter : Milk	Wall : Brick

Individual and Group/class

Examples:

Man : Crowd	Flowers : Bouquet
Fish : Shoal	Sheep : Flock
Cattle : Herd	Singer : Chorus

Organ & Disease

Examples:

Liver : Jaundice	Eye : Cataract
Kidney : Stone

Analogy Based on Alphabet

1. Forward Alphabetical Sequence

Examples:

CD : FG : : PQ : ST

EGI : MOQ : : UWY : CEG

2. Backward Alphabetical Sequence

Examples :

DC : GF : : QP : TS

IGE : QOM : : YWU : GEC

3. Vowel – Consonant Relation

Example: ATL : EVX : : IPR : ORS

Here, the 1st two words start with the 1st two vowels A & E and the next two words start with the next two vowels I & O. Last two letter of every word are consonants.

4. Skip Letter Relation

Example: ABC : FGH : : IJK : NOP

Here between ABC & FGH two letters skip and they are D & E. Similarly, between IJK & NOP two letters skip and they are L & M.

5. Jumbled Letters Relation

Example:

(i) LAIN : NAIL : : EVOL : Love

Here the 1st term gets reversed to produce the 2nd term and similar relation is shown in between 3rd and 4th term.

(ii) ABCD : OPQR : : WXYZ : KLMN

In (ii) each letter of the 1st group ‘ABCD’ is moved fourteen steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the 2nd group ‘OPQR’. A similar relation is established between the third group ‘WXYZ’ and the fourth group ‘KLMN.’

Odd One Out Or Classification

Odd One Out Or Classification - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

You must have in your mind that what does classification mean. In fact, in classification we take out an element out of some given elements and the element to be taken out is different from the rest of the elements in terms of common properties, shapes, sizes, types, nature, colours, traits etc. In this way the rest of the elements form a group and the element that has been taken out is not the member of that group as this single element does not possesses the common quality to be possessed by rest of the elements. For example, if we compare the elements like, lion, cow, tiger, panther, bear and wolf then we find that this is a group of animals. How do we classify them? To understand this let us see the presentation given below:

Here, if we want to separate out one animal then definitely that animal will be cow because cow is the only animal in the group which is a domestic animal. Rest of the animals (Lion, Tiger, Panther, Bear and Wolf) are wild animals. Hence rest of the animals (Lion, Tiger, Panther, Bear & Wolf) form a group of wild animals separating out the domestic animal (Cow).

Similarly, out of 6 letters A, M, N, U, P & Q, we will take out A and form a group of 5 letters M, N, U, P & Q because out of given six letters only A is a vowel while rest of the letters form a group of consonants.

Types of Classification

Type 1. Word Classification

In this type of classification, different objects are classified on the basis of common features / properties – names, places, uses, situations, origin, etc.

Example 1: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. Work : Leisure
2. Day : Night
3. Expedite : Procrastinate
4. Frequently : Always
5. Happy : Unhappy

Solution. (4): All others are the antonym of each other.

Example 2: Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. March
2. January
3. July
4. June
5. May

Solution. (4): All other months have 31 days.

Type 2. Alphabet Classification

In this type, alphabet are classified in a group using a particular method or rule.

Rules or methods used for such classification are often simple and hence can easily be understood.

Example 3: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. BY
2. LO
3. EW
4. GT
5. SH

Solution. (3): All others letter pairs are the antonym of each other.

Type 3. Number Classification

In this type, numbers are classification in a group using a particular method or rule. Rules or methods used for such classification may be based on mathematical operations.

Example 4: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. 25—5
2. 16—4
3. 144—12
4. 64—7
5. 36—6

Solution. (4): In all other number pairs, the first number is the square of second number.

25 = 5², 16 = 4², 144 = 12², 64 ≠ 7², 36 = 6²

Example 5: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. 28
2. 42
3. 35
4. 21
5. 65

Solution. (5): All other numbers are divisible by 7 while 65 is not divisible by 7.

Type 4. Number and Letter Classification

Example 6: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. 25—E
2. 16—D
3. 144—L
4. 64—G
5. 36—F

Solution. (4): In all other number-letter pairs, the first number is the square of the position of second number.

25 = (E→5²), 16 = (D→4²), 144 = (L→12²), 64 ≠ (G→7²), 36 = (F→6²)

Type 5. Miscellaneous Classification

In this type of classification, any rule other than described above can be used for classification or grouping. Questions on such pattern do not necessarily use the alphabets and words. Here the numerics and other mathematical symbols can also be used.

Example 7: In each of the following five options each has a combination of three words group. In which, four groups are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. Driver, passenger, vehicle
2. Chair, table, bench
3. Ship, boat, pilot
4. Apple, orange, winter
5. Mango, flower, orchard

Solution. (2): Chair, table and bench belong to a category of furniture.

Solved Examples

Example 8. Which one is different from the rest three?

1. Door
2. Gate
3. Table
4. Window

Solution. (3): All the rest are the parts of a building.

Example 9. In this question, there is four words with the letters jumbled up. Three of them are alike. Find the odd one out.

1. CIRE
2. NAIR
3. LOUDSC
4. RNUTHDE

Solution. (1): By arranging the letters of NAIR, LOUDSC and RNUTHDE we get RAIN, CLOUDS and THUNDER respectively which are all related with one other except CIRE i.e., RICE.

Example 10. Which one is different from the rest three?

1. NMLK
2. RQPO
3. UTSR
4. WXUV

Solution. (4): In all the other options, the letters are in reverse order of alphabet.

Example 11. Which one letter group differs from the other three?

1. WRONG
2. GREEN
3. WHITE
4. RIGHT

Solution. (2): In other options, no letter is repeated.

Example 12. Three of the following are alike in a certain way and form a group. Find the odd one out.

1. Bird
2. Insect
3. Aeroplane
4. Kite

Solution. (2): All except the insect fly in the sky.

Example 13. Find out the odd one out.

1. 28
2. 14
3. 49
4. 64

Solution. (4): Except 64, all the rest number 28, 14 and 49 are divisible by 7 while 64 is not divisible by 7. Therefore 64 is different from the rest.

Ranking And Time Sequence

Ranking And Time Sequence - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Dear Reader, below are five simple types of ‘ranking and time sequence’ problems. You will find detailed solutions with each of the problems

As far as ranking problems are concerned, you have to remember one simple formula.

Total number of people = Rank of a person from START + Rank of person from the END – 1

Let we start with our tutorial. At the end of the tutorial, you will find a short practice test. Please do take the test so that you can be double sure that you have understood well.

Type I: Finding Rank From the Start (or the End)

In type 1, you will know the rank of a person from either the start (or the end). Using that data, you have to find the rank of that person from the end (or the start). Below example will help you.

Example Question 1: Reena is 10 ranks ahead of Priya in a class of 40. If Priya`s rank is 20th from the last, what is Reena`s rank from the start?
Answer: 31th

Solution:
Priya’s rank from the last is 20. Reena is 10 ranks ahead. Therefore, Reena’s rank from the last = Rank of Reena from the last = 20 – 10 = 10th
Now you have to apply the formula that you saw in the introduction.
Total number of students = Rank of Reena from the start + Rank of Reena from the end – 1
40 = Rank of Reena from the start + 10 – 1
Rank of Reena from the start = (40 – 10) +1
= 31th

Type II: Finding Total Number of People in a Sequence

In type 2, you will find ranks of a person from the start and the end. You have to find the total number of people. Let us see an example.

Example Question 2: Venkatesh ranks 8th from the top and 24th from the bottom in the class. How many students are there in total?
Answer: 31

Solution:
Total number of Students = Rank of Venkatesh from the top + Rank of Venkatesh from the bottom – 1
= [8 + 24] – 1= 31

Type III: Interchanging Positions

In this type, positions of the people in a sequence will be interchanged. You have to solve these problems after processing the data given.

Example Question 3: In a row of girls, Uma is 10th from the left and Meena is 20th from the right. If they interchange their positions, Uma becomes 15th from the left. How many girls are there in the row?
Answer: 34

Solution:
After interchange, rank of Uma from the left = 15
But, before interchange, Meena was 20th from the right. After interchange, Uma would have occupied the same position of Meena’s earlier spot. Therefore,
Present rank of Uma from the right = 20
Now you know the current ranks of Uma from left as well as right. Therefore,
Total number of girls = Uma’s rank from the left + Uma’s rank from the right – 1
= (15+20)-1
=34.

Type IV: Intervention in a Frequent Event

Though the heading of this type looks complicated, this is one of the easiest. There will be intervention at certain time of a frequent event. Based on that time data you have to solve the problem logically.

Let us see an example.

Example Question 4: A bus leaves to Chennai from Bangalore every 30 minutes. A passenger inquired about the next bus to Bangalore, and he was informed that the bus left 15 minutes before, and the next bus will be at 5.00 pm. Find at what time the passenger had enquired?
Answer: 4.45 pm

Solution:
For every 30 minutes, there is a bus. The next bus will be at 5.00 pm, so the last bus must have left at 4.30 pm.
The informer said that the bus had left 15 minutes before his inquiry. So the time of inquiry is 4.30 + 0.15 = 4.45 pm.

Type V: Day of Week Based on Frequency

This type is very easy just like the previous one. You can answer this with little effort. (You may not expect questions simple in your exam. However, this will be a first step in understanding more difficult questions.)

Example Question 5: Gita went to the temple five days ago. If she goes to the temple every Friday, then what day of the week is today?
Answer: Wednesday

Solution:
She went to temple five days ago i.e., Friday.
Five days from Friday is Wednesday.

Analogy

Analogy - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Important types of Analogy

Synonym Based Analogy

In such type of analogy two words have similar meaning.
Examples:

Big: Large	Huge : Gigantic
Endless : Eternal	Thin : Slim
Benevolent : Kind	Notion : Idea

Antonym Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the two words of the question pair are opposite in meaning.
Examples:

Poor : Rich	Fat: Slim
Tall: Short	Big: Small
Light : Dark	Avoid : Meet

Tool & Object Based Analogy

This establishes a relationship between a tool and the object in which it works.
Examples:

Pencil : Paper	Pen : Paper
Scissors : Cloth	Saw : Wood
Eraser : Paper	Filter : Water

Worker & Tool Based Analogy

This establishes a relationship between a particular tool and the person of that particular profession who uses that tool.
Examples:

Writer : Pen	Painter : Brush
Cricketer : Bat	Blacksmith : Hammer
Barber : Scissors	Hunter : Gun

Worker & Product Based Analogy

This type of analogy gives a relationship between a person of particular profession and his/her creations.
Examples:

Batsman : Run	Writer: Book
Author : Novel	Singer: Song
Poet : Poem	Journalist : News

Causes & Effect Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 1st word acts and the 2nd word is the effect of that action.
Examples:

Work : Tiredness	Bath : Freshness
Race : Fatigue	Shoot : Kill
Infection : Disease	Food : Energy

Gender Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, one word is masculine and another word is feminine of it. In fact, it is a ‘male and female’ or ‘sex’ relationship.

Examples:

Man : Woman	Boy : Girl
Nephew : Niece	Bull : Cow
Duck : Drake	Lion : Lioness

Classification Based Analogy

This type of analogy is based on biological, physical, chemical or any other classification. In such problems the 1st word may be classified by the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Cow : Animal	Girl : Human
Oxygen : Gas	Water: Liquid
Snake : Reptile	Parrot: Bird

Function Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, 2nd word describes the function of the 1st word.

Examples:

Singer : Sings	General : Commands
Player : Plays	Surgeon : Operates
Spoon : Feed	Microscope : Magnify

Quantity and Unit Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 2nd word is the unit of the first word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Distance : Mile	Mass : Kilogram
Length : Meter	Force : Newton
Power : Watt	Temperature : Degree

Product & Raw Material Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 1st word is the raw material and 2nd word is the end product of that raw material and vice-versa.

Examples:

Yarn : Fabric	Milk : Curd
Flour : Bread	Latex : Rubber
Grape : Wine	Fruit : Juice

Utility Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 2nd word shows the purpose of the 1st word or vice-versa.

Examples:

Pen : Writing	Food : Eating
Chair : Sitting	Bed : Sleeping
Bat : Playing	Steering : Drive

Symbolic Relationship Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, the 1st word is the symbol of the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

White : Peace	Red : Danger
Black : Sorrow	Red Cross : Hospital
Swastika : Fortune	Yellow : Flood

Adult & Young one Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, the 1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.

Examples:

Cow : Calf	Human : Child
Dog: Puppy	Duck : Duck ling
Goat : Kid	Tiger : Cub

Subject & Specialist Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 2nd word is the specialist of 1st word (subject) or vice-versa.

Examples:

Heart : Cardiologist	Skin : Dermatologist
Pediatrics : Children	Ophthalmologist : Eye
Geologist : Earth Science

Habit Based Analogy

In this type of analogy 2nd word is the habit of 1st and vice-versa.

Examples:

Cat : Omnivorous	Tiger : Carnivorous
Cow : Herbivorous	Goat : Herbivorous

Instrument and Measurement Based Analogy

We see in this type of analogy, the 1st word is the instrument to measure the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Hygrometer : Humidity	Barometer : Pressure
Thermometer : Temperature	Sphygmomanometer : Blood pressure

Individual & Group Based Analogy

Second word is the group of 1st word (or vice-versa) in such type of analogy.

Examples:

Cow : Herd	Sheep : Flack
Grapes : Bunch	Singer : Chorus

State & Capital Based Analogy

1st word is the state and 2nd word is the capital of that state (1st word) (or vice-versa) in the analogy.

Examples:

Bihar : Patna	West Bengal : Kolkata
Maharashtra: Mumbai	Karnataka : Bangluru

Capital & Country Based Analogy

Examples:

Rome : Italy	Muskat : Oman
Lima : Peru	Accra : Ghana
Oslo : Norway	Delhi : India

Individual & Dwelling Place Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 1st word is the individual & 2nd word is the dwelling place of that individual (1st word) and vice-versa.

Examples:

Horse : Stable	Bee : Apiary
Dog : Kennel	Birds : Aviary
Monk : Monastery	Human : House

Worker and Working Place Based Analogy

In this type of analogy the 1st word represents a person of particular profession and 2nd word represents the working place of that person (1st word) and vice-versa.

Examples:

Doctor : Hospital	Clerk : Office
Cook : Kitchen	Professor : College
Teacher : School	Lawyer : Court

Topic Study Based Analogy

1st word is the study of the 2nd word (or vice-versa) in the analogy.

Examples:

Birds : Ornithology	Earth quakes : Seismology
Botany : Plants	Zoology : Animals
Mycology : Fungi	Histology : Tissues

Trophy and Game Based Analogy

Examples:

Ranji Trophy : Cricket	Dhyan chand Trophy : Hockey
Thomas Cup : Badminton	Uber cup : Badminton

Product and Raw Material Based Analogy

Examples:

Metal : Ore	Bread : Flour
Curd : Milk	Wine : Grapes
Butter : Milk	Wall : Brick

Individual and Group/class

Examples:

Man : Crowd	Flowers : Bouquet
Fish : Shoal	Sheep : Flock
Cattle : Herd	Singer : Chorus

Organ & Disease

Examples:

Liver : Jaundice	Eye : Cataract
Kidney : Stone

Analogy Based on Alphabet

1. Forward Alphabetical Sequence

Examples:

CD : FG : : PQ : ST

EGI : MOQ : : UWY : CEG

2. Backward Alphabetical Sequence

Examples :

DC : GF : : QP : TS

IGE : QOM : : YWU : GEC

3. Vowel – Consonant Relation

Example: ATL : EVX : : IPR : ORS

Here, the 1st two words start with the 1st two vowels A & E and the next two words start with the next two vowels I & O. Last two letter of every word are consonants.

4. Skip Letter Relation

Example: ABC : FGH : : IJK : NOP

Here between ABC & FGH two letters skip and they are D & E. Similarly, between IJK & NOP two letters skip and they are L & M.

5. Jumbled Letters Relation

Example:

(i) LAIN : NAIL : : EVOL : Love

Here the 1st term gets reversed to produce the 2nd term and similar relation is shown in between 3rd and 4th term.

(ii) ABCD : OPQR : : WXYZ : KLMN

In (ii) each letter of the 1st group ‘ABCD’ is moved fourteen steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the 2nd group ‘OPQR’. A similar relation is established between the third group ‘WXYZ’ and the fourth group ‘KLMN.’

 

 

Areas Related to Circles (Online Test)

Areas Related to Circles Class 10

विश्लेषणात्मक तर्कशक्ति

विश्लेषणात्मक तर्कशक्ति (Analytical Reasoning) शार्ट ट्रिक और उदहारण

पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्नों पर एक दृष्टि

1.विभिन्न कार्यक्रमों के क्रम पर आधारित प्रश्न

उदाहरणः निर्देश (प्रश्न-संख्या 1-5): निम्नलिखित जानकारियों का अध्ययन करके इन पर आधारित प्रश्नों का उत्तर दीजिए-

A, B, C, D, E और F छः व्याख्यान, प्रतिदिन एक व्याख्यान के क्रम से, सोमवार से रविवार तक के बीच निम्नलिखित वर्णित अनुक्रम से आयोजित किए जाने हैं।

(i) ‘C’ का आयोजन शुक्रवार को नहीं किया जाना चाहिए।

(ii) ‘A’ का आयोजन ‘D’ के ठीक पहले किया जाना चाहिए।

(iii) ‘B’ और ‘F’ के बीच में दो दिनों का अन्तर होना चाहिए।

(iv) किसी एक दिन कोई व्याख्यान नहीं है (पर शनिवार ऐसा दिन नहीं है) और उस दिन के ठीक पहले ‘F’ आयोजित किया जाना चाहिए।

(v) ‘E’ का आयोजन बुधवार को होना चाहिए और उसके पश्चात् ‘F’ का आयोजन नहीं होना चाहिए।

1. ‘D’ व्याख्यान का आयोजन किस दिन होगा?

1. रविवार
2. बृहस्पतिवार
3. शनिवार
4. शुक्रवार

2. कौन-सा दिन कोई व्याख्यान नहीं है?

1. सोमवार
2. रविवार
3. शुक्रवार
4. मंगलवार

3. ‘F’ और ‘D’ के बीच में कितने व्याख्यान आयोजित किये गए?

1. तीन
2. एक
3. दो
4. एक भी नहीं

4. निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा व्याख्यान शृखला का अंतिम व्याख्यान होगा?

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. तय नहीं कर सकते

5. व्याख्यानों के आयोजन का सम्पूर्ण क्रम ज्ञात करने के लिए निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी जानकारी अपेक्षित नहीं है?

1. JV
2. HS
3. GH
4. इनमें से कोई नहीं

हलः प्रश्न-संख्या (1-5) तक के उत्तर के लिए तालिका-टेबल

1. (3): ‘D’ का व्याख्यान शनिवार को होगा

2. (4): मंगलवार को कोई भी व्याख्यान नहीं है।

3. (1): ‘F’ और ‘D’ के बीच में ‘तीन’ व्याख्यान आयोजित किये गए।

4. (1): व्याख्यान ‘C’ शृंखला का अंतिम व्याख्यान होगा।

5. (4): व्याख्यानों का क्रम ज्ञात करने के लिए सभी जानकारी अपेक्षित हैं।

2. व्यवस्था क्रम पर आधारित प्रश्न

उदाहरणः निर्देश (प्रश्न-संख्या 6-10): निम्नलिखित जानकारी का ध्यानपूर्वक अध्ययन कर नीचे दिए गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिएः

P, Q, R, S एवं T पाँच मित्र विभिन्न शहरों – देहरादून, जयपुर, चंडीगढ़, रायपुर एवं बेंगलुरु – तीन विभिन्न यातायात के साधनों – रेलगाड़ी, हवाई-जहाज तथा कार से गए, पर जरुरी नहीं है कि इसी क्रम में। यातायात के तीन साधनों में से दो साधन का उपयोग दो-दो व्यक्तियों द्वारा किया गया। हवाई-जहाज का उपयोग केवल उसी व्यक्ति ने किया जो बेंगलुरु गया। T कार के द्वारा जयपुर गया तथा P रेलगाड़ी से चंडीगढ़ गया। एक व्यक्ति जिसने रेलगाड़ी से यात्रा की वह देहरादून नहीं गया। Q रेलगाड़ी से तथा R कार से गया।

6. निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा संयोजन Q के लिए सत्य है?

1. चंडीगढ़ – कार
2. जयपुर – रेलगाड़ी
3. देहरादून – रेलगाड़ी
4. रायपुर – रेलगाड़ी

7. निम्नलिखित व्यक्ति – यात्रा के साधन संयोजनों में से कौन-सा सत्य है?

1. T – रेलगाड़ी
2. P – कार
3. R – हवाई-जहाज
4. S – हवाई-जहाज

8. देहरादून जाने वाला व्यक्ति किस माध्यम से गया?

1. रेलगाड़ी
2. हवाई-जहाज
3. कार
4. डाटा अपर्याप्त

9. निम्नलिखित में से देहरादून की यात्रा किसने की?

1. T
2. S
3. R
4. P

10. निम्नलिखित में से स्थान और परिवहन माध्यम का कौन-सा संयोजन सही नहीं है?

1. चंडीगढ़ – रेलगाड़ी
2. रायपुर – कार
3. जयपुर – कार
4. बेंगलुरु – हवाई-जहाज

हलः प्रश्न-संख्या (6-10) तक के उत्तर के लिए तालिका-टेबल

दी गई जानकारियों को इस प्रकार सारणीबद्ध किया जा सकता है-

6. (4): Q रेलगाड़ी से रायपुर गया।

7. (4): संयोजन S – हवाई-जहाज सही है।

8. (3): R कार द्वारा देहरादून गया।

9. (3): R देहरादून गया।

10. (2): संयोजन रायपुर – कार सत्य नहीं है।

3. रक्त संबंध व पेशा पर आधारित प्रश्न

उदाहरणः निर्देश (प्रश्न-संख्या 11-15): निम्नलिखित जानकारियों का अध्ययन करके इन पर आधारित प्रश्नों का उत्तर दीजिए-

(i) P, Q, R, S, T और U इन छः व्यक्तियों का एक परिवार है। वे पेशे से इंजीनियर, डाॅक्टर, अध्यापक, सेल्समेन, मैनेजर और वकील हैं।

(ii) परिवार में दो विवाहित युगलों का जोड़ा है।

(iii) मैनेजर, ‘U’ का पितामह है, जो कि इंजीनियर है।

(iv) सेल्समेन ‘R’ एक महिला अध्यापक से विवाहित है।

(v) डाॅक्टर ‘S’ का विवाह एक महिला मैनेजर से हुआ है।

(vi) ‘Q’, ‘U’ और ‘T’ की माँ है।

11. इस परिवार में कितने पुरुष सदस्य हैं?

1. चार
2. तीन
3. दो
4. जानकारी अधूरी है

12. ‘P’ किस प्रकार ‘T’ से संबंधित है?

1. भाई
2. चाचा
3. पितामह
4. पिता

13. निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा ‘P’ का पेशा है?

1. मैनेजर
2. अध्यापक
3. सेल्समेन
4. डाॅक्टर

14. निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा इस परिवार के विवाहित युगलों का जोड़ा है?

1. PS, QR
2. PQ, RS
3. PR, QS
4. तय नहीं कर सकते

15. निम्नलिखित में कौन-सा ‘T’ का पेशा है?

1. डाॅक्टर
2. इंजिनियर
3. सेल्समेन
4. वकील

हलः प्रश्न-संख्या (6-10) तक के उत्तर के लिए तालिका-टेबल

दी गई जानकारियों को इस प्रकार सारणीबद्ध किया जा सकता है –

11.(4): परिवार में पुरूषों की संख्या ज्ञात करने के लिए कथन में दी गई जानकारी अधूूरी है।

12.(3): ‘P’, ‘T’ का पितामह है।

13.(1): ‘P’ मैनेजर है।

14.(1): ‘PS’ और ‘QR’ इस परिवार के विवाहित युगलों का जोड़ा है।

15.(4): ‘T’ वकील है।

साधित उदाहरण (Solved Examples)

निर्देश (प्रश्न-संख्या 1 – 5): नीचे दी गई जानकारी को ध्यान से पढ़िये और उस पर आधारित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।

B, M, T, R, K, H और D, III टियर स्लीपर बर्थ वाले रेलगाड़ी के एक डिब्बे में सफर कर रहे हैं। प्रत्येक का अलग-अलग व्यवसाय है, जैसे इंजीनियर, डाॅक्टर, आर्किटेक्ट, फार्मासिस्ट, वकील, पत्रकार और पैथोलाॅजिस्ट। उन्होंने दो लोअर बर्थें, तीन मिडल बर्थें और दो अपर बर्थें संभाली हुई हैं। B इंजीनियर है अपर बर्थ पर नहीं है, आर्किटेक्ट एकमात्र ऐसा दूसरा व्यक्ति है जिसने B की तरह बर्थ ली हुई हैं, M और H मिडल बर्थ पर नहीं हैं और वे पेशे से क्रमशः पैथोलाॅजिस्ट और वकील हैं। T फार्मासिस्ट है। D न तो पत्रकार है और न आर्किटेक्ट। K की बर्थ डाॅक्टर की तरह की है।

1. D का व्यवसाय क्या है?

1. डाॅक्टर
2. इंजीनियर
3. वकील
4. फार्मासिस्ट

2. निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा समूह मिडल बर्थ पर है?

1. DKR
2. DHT
3. HKT
4. DKT

3. निम्नलिखित में से ‘व्यक्ति – बर्थ – व्यवसाय’ का कौन-सा संयोजन सही है?

1. R – लोअर – पत्रकार
2. R – लोअर – आर्किटेक्ट
3. D – अपर – डाॅक्टर
4. K – अपर – वकील

4. निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा जोड़ा लोअर बर्थ पर है?

1. BD
2. BR
3. BT
4. डाटा अपर्याप्त

5. आर्किटेक्ट कौन है?

1. D
2. H
3. R
4. डाटा पर्याप्त

हलः प्रश्न-संख्या (1-5) तक के उत्तर के लिए तालिका-टेबल

बैठने का क्रम इस प्रकार है –

(1): D डाॅक्टर है।

2. (4): D K T1.

3. (2):

4. (2): BR

5. (3):