Analogy

Analogy - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

Important types of Analogy

Synonym Based Analogy

In such type of analogy two words have similar meaning.
Examples:

Big: Large	Huge : Gigantic
Endless : Eternal	Thin : Slim
Benevolent : Kind	Notion : Idea

Antonym Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the two words of the question pair are opposite in meaning.
Examples:

Poor : Rich	Fat: Slim
Tall: Short	Big: Small
Light : Dark	Avoid : Meet

Tool & Object Based Analogy

This establishes a relationship between a tool and the object in which it works.
Examples:

Pencil : Paper	Pen : Paper
Scissors : Cloth	Saw : Wood
Eraser : Paper	Filter : Water

Worker & Tool Based Analogy

This establishes a relationship between a particular tool and the person of that particular profession who uses that tool.
Examples:

Writer : Pen	Painter : Brush
Cricketer : Bat	Blacksmith : Hammer
Barber : Scissors	Hunter : Gun

Worker & Product Based Analogy

This type of analogy gives a relationship between a person of particular profession and his/her creations.
Examples:

Batsman : Run	Writer: Book
Author : Novel	Singer: Song
Poet : Poem	Journalist : News

Causes & Effect Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 1st word acts and the 2nd word is the effect of that action.
Examples:

Work : Tiredness	Bath : Freshness
Race : Fatigue	Shoot : Kill
Infection : Disease	Food : Energy

Gender Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, one word is masculine and another word is feminine of it. In fact, it is a ‘male and female’ or ‘sex’ relationship.

Examples:

Man : Woman	Boy : Girl
Nephew : Niece	Bull : Cow
Duck : Drake	Lion : Lioness

Classification Based Analogy

This type of analogy is based on biological, physical, chemical or any other classification. In such problems the 1st word may be classified by the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Cow : Animal	Girl : Human
Oxygen : Gas	Water: Liquid
Snake : Reptile	Parrot: Bird

Function Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, 2nd word describes the function of the 1st word.

Examples:

Singer : Sings	General : Commands
Player : Plays	Surgeon : Operates
Spoon : Feed	Microscope : Magnify

Quantity and Unit Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 2nd word is the unit of the first word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Distance : Mile	Mass : Kilogram
Length : Meter	Force : Newton
Power : Watt	Temperature : Degree

Product & Raw Material Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 1st word is the raw material and 2nd word is the end product of that raw material and vice-versa.

Examples:

Yarn : Fabric	Milk : Curd
Flour : Bread	Latex : Rubber
Grape : Wine	Fruit : Juice

Utility Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 2nd word shows the purpose of the 1st word or vice-versa.

Examples:

Pen : Writing	Food : Eating
Chair : Sitting	Bed : Sleeping
Bat : Playing	Steering : Drive

Symbolic Relationship Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, the 1st word is the symbol of the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

White : Peace	Red : Danger
Black : Sorrow	Red Cross : Hospital
Swastika : Fortune	Yellow : Flood

Adult & Young one Based Analogy

In such type of analogy, the 1st word is the adult one and 2nd word is the young one of the 1st word or vice-versa.

Examples:

Cow : Calf	Human : Child
Dog: Puppy	Duck : Duck ling
Goat : Kid	Tiger : Cub

Subject & Specialist Based Analogy

In such type of analogy the 2nd word is the specialist of 1st word (subject) or vice-versa.

Examples:

Heart : Cardiologist	Skin : Dermatologist
Pediatrics : Children	Ophthalmologist : Eye
Geologist : Earth Science

Habit Based Analogy

In this type of analogy 2nd word is the habit of 1st and vice-versa.

Examples:

Cat : Omnivorous	Tiger : Carnivorous
Cow : Herbivorous	Goat : Herbivorous

Instrument and Measurement Based Analogy

We see in this type of analogy, the 1st word is the instrument to measure the 2nd word and vice-versa.

Examples:

Hygrometer : Humidity	Barometer : Pressure
Thermometer : Temperature	Sphygmomanometer : Blood pressure

Individual & Group Based Analogy

Second word is the group of 1st word (or vice-versa) in such type of analogy.

Examples:

Cow : Herd	Sheep : Flack
Grapes : Bunch	Singer : Chorus

State & Capital Based Analogy

1st word is the state and 2nd word is the capital of that state (1st word) (or vice-versa) in the analogy.

Examples:

Bihar : Patna	West Bengal : Kolkata
Maharashtra: Mumbai	Karnataka : Bangluru

Capital & Country Based Analogy

Examples:

Rome : Italy	Muskat : Oman
Lima : Peru	Accra : Ghana
Oslo : Norway	Delhi : India

Individual & Dwelling Place Based Analogy

In such type of analogy 1st word is the individual & 2nd word is the dwelling place of that individual (1st word) and vice-versa.

Examples:

Horse : Stable	Bee : Apiary
Dog : Kennel	Birds : Aviary
Monk : Monastery	Human : House

Worker and Working Place Based Analogy

In this type of analogy the 1st word represents a person of particular profession and 2nd word represents the working place of that person (1st word) and vice-versa.

Examples:

Doctor : Hospital	Clerk : Office
Cook : Kitchen	Professor : College
Teacher : School	Lawyer : Court

Topic Study Based Analogy

1st word is the study of the 2nd word (or vice-versa) in the analogy.

Examples:

Birds : Ornithology	Earth quakes : Seismology
Botany : Plants	Zoology : Animals
Mycology : Fungi	Histology : Tissues

Trophy and Game Based Analogy

Examples:

Ranji Trophy : Cricket	Dhyan chand Trophy : Hockey
Thomas Cup : Badminton	Uber cup : Badminton

Product and Raw Material Based Analogy

Examples:

Metal : Ore	Bread : Flour
Curd : Milk	Wine : Grapes
Butter : Milk	Wall : Brick

Individual and Group/class

Examples:

Man : Crowd	Flowers : Bouquet
Fish : Shoal	Sheep : Flock
Cattle : Herd	Singer : Chorus

Organ & Disease

Examples:

Liver : Jaundice	Eye : Cataract
Kidney : Stone

Analogy Based on Alphabet

1. Forward Alphabetical Sequence

Examples:

CD : FG : : PQ : ST

EGI : MOQ : : UWY : CEG

2. Backward Alphabetical Sequence

Examples :

DC : GF : : QP : TS

IGE : QOM : : YWU : GEC

3. Vowel – Consonant Relation

Example: ATL : EVX : : IPR : ORS

Here, the 1st two words start with the 1st two vowels A & E and the next two words start with the next two vowels I & O. Last two letter of every word are consonants.

4. Skip Letter Relation

Example: ABC : FGH : : IJK : NOP

Here between ABC & FGH two letters skip and they are D & E. Similarly, between IJK & NOP two letters skip and they are L & M.

5. Jumbled Letters Relation

Example:

(i) LAIN : NAIL : : EVOL : Love

Here the 1st term gets reversed to produce the 2nd term and similar relation is shown in between 3rd and 4th term.

(ii) ABCD : OPQR : : WXYZ : KLMN

In (ii) each letter of the 1st group ‘ABCD’ is moved fourteen steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the 2nd group ‘OPQR’. A similar relation is established between the third group ‘WXYZ’ and the fourth group ‘KLMN.’

Odd One Out Or Classification -

Odd One Out Or Classification - Short-cut Tricks And Examples

You must have in your mind that what does classification mean. In fact, in classification we take out an element out of some given elements and the element to be taken out is different from the rest of the elements in terms of common properties, shapes, sizes, types, nature, colours, traits etc. In this way the rest of the elements form a group and the element that has been taken out is not the member of that group as this single element does not possesses the common quality to be possessed by rest of the elements. For example, if we compare the elements like, lion, cow, tiger, panther, bear and wolf then we find that this is a group of animals. How do we classify them? To understand this let us see the presentation given below:

Here, if we want to separate out one animal then definitely that animal will be cow because cow is the only animal in the group which is a domestic animal. Rest of the animals (Lion, Tiger, Panther, Bear and Wolf) are wild animals. Hence rest of the animals (Lion, Tiger, Panther, Bear & Wolf) form a group of wild animals separating out the domestic animal (Cow).

Similarly, out of 6 letters A, M, N, U, P & Q, we will take out A and form a group of 5 letters M, N, U, P & Q because out of given six letters only A is a vowel while rest of the letters form a group of consonants.

Types of Classification

Type 1. Word Classification

In this type of classification, different objects are classified on the basis of common features / properties – names, places, uses, situations, origin, etc.

Example 1: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. Work : Leisure
2. Day : Night
3. Expedite : Procrastinate
4. Frequently : Always
5. Happy : Unhappy

Solution. (4): All others are the antonym of each other.

Example 2: Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. March
2. January
3. July
4. June
5. May

Solution. (4): All other months have 31 days.

Type 2. Alphabet Classification

In this type, alphabet are classified in a group using a particular method or rule.

Rules or methods used for such classification are often simple and hence can easily be understood.

Example 3: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. BY
2. LO
3. EW
4. GT
5. SH

Solution. (3): All others letter pairs are the antonym of each other.

Type 3. Number Classification

In this type, numbers are classification in a group using a particular method or rule. Rules or methods used for such classification may be based on mathematical operations.

Example 4: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. 25—5
2. 16—4
3. 144—12
4. 64—7
5. 36—6

Solution. (4): In all other number pairs, the first number is the square of second number.

25 = 5², 16 = 4², 144 = 12², 64 ≠ 7², 36 = 6²

Example 5: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. 28
2. 42
3. 35
4. 21
5. 65

Solution. (5): All other numbers are divisible by 7 while 65 is not divisible by 7.

Type 4. Number and Letter Classification

Example 6: Four of the following five-are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. 25—E
2. 16—D
3. 144—L
4. 64—G
5. 36—F

Solution. (4): In all other number-letter pairs, the first number is the square of the position of second number.

25 = (E→5²), 16 = (D→4²), 144 = (L→12²), 64 ≠ (G→7²), 36 = (F→6²)

Type 5. Miscellaneous Classification

In this type of classification, any rule other than described above can be used for classification or grouping. Questions on such pattern do not necessarily use the alphabets and words. Here the numerics and other mathematical symbols can also be used.

Example 7: In each of the following five options each has a combination of three words group. In which, four groups are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

1. Driver, passenger, vehicle
2. Chair, table, bench
3. Ship, boat, pilot
4. Apple, orange, winter
5. Mango, flower, orchard

Solution. (2): Chair, table and bench belong to a category of furniture.

Solved Examples

Example 8. Which one is different from the rest three?

1. Door
2. Gate
3. Table
4. Window

Solution. (3): All the rest are the parts of a building.

Example 9. In this question, there is four words with the letters jumbled up. Three of them are alike. Find the odd one out.

1. CIRE
2. NAIR
3. LOUDSC
4. RNUTHDE

Solution. (1): By arranging the letters of NAIR, LOUDSC and RNUTHDE we get RAIN, CLOUDS and THUNDER respectively which are all related with one other except CIRE i.e., RICE.

Example 10. Which one is different from the rest three?

1. NMLK
2. RQPO
3. UTSR
4. WXUV

Solution. (4): In all the other options, the letters are in reverse order of alphabet.

Example 11. Which one letter group differs from the other three?

1. WRONG
2. GREEN
3. WHITE
4. RIGHT

Solution. (2): In other options, no letter is repeated.

Example 12. Three of the following are alike in a certain way and form a group. Find the odd one out.

1. Bird
2. Insect
3. Aeroplane
4. Kite

Solution. (2): All except the insect fly in the sky.

Example 13. Find out the odd one out.

1. 28
2. 14
3. 49
4. 64

Solution. (4): Except 64, all the rest number 28, 14 and 49 are divisible by 7 while 64 is not divisible by 7. Therefore 64 is different from the rest.